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Cycling at the Summer Olympics

(Redirected from Track cycling at the Olympics)

Cycling has been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics, at which a road race and five track events were held. Mountain bike racing entered the Olympic programme at the Atlanta Olympics, followed by BMX racing in 2008 and freestyle BMX in 2020. Before the 2020 Summer Olympics, all events were speed races, but the 2020 programme featured BMX freestyle for the first time.

Cycling at the Summer Olympics
IOC Code CYC (all cycling)
BMF (BMX freestyle)
BMX (BMX racing)
MTB (mountain bike)
CRD (road)
CTR (track)
Governing body UCI
Events 22 (men: 11; women: 11)
Summer Olympics

Women's road events were introduced to the Olympic programme at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Women's track events were added in 1988, and both types of events have been featured since then.

The 2012 Summer Olympics were the first at which men and women competed in the same number of events in all cycling disciplines, including track cycling, which previously had more men's and fewer women's events than the 2008 programme.[1] However, women have shorter distances for some events.

It was proposed that cyclecross to be added in 2030 Winter Olympics, a move that was criticised by the Winter Olympic Federations as not being a ice or snow sport which would "dilute" the heritage and identity of the Winter Olympic Games.[2][3]

Summary

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Games Year Events Best Nation
18 1964 7  Italy (5)
19 1968 7  France (6)
20 1972 7  Soviet Union (1)
21 1976 6  West Germany (1)
22 1980 6  Soviet Union (2)
23 1984 8  United States (2)
24 1988 9  Soviet Union (3)
25 1992 10  Germany (1)
26 1996 14  France (7)
27 2000 18  France (8)
28 2004 18  Australia (1)
29 2008 18  Great Britain (3)
30 2012 18  Great Britain (4)
31 2016 18  Great Britain (5)
32 2020 22  Great Britain (6)
33 2024 22  France (9)
34 2028 22

Track cycling

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Men's events

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Past events that occurred once or twice

Only at the 1896 Summer Olympics

Only at the 1904 Summer Olympics

Only at the 1908 Summer Olympics

  1. ↑ The 1896 time trial was the only time the event was held over one-third of a kilometre rather than one kilometre

Women's events

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Past events

Medal table

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Sources:[4]
Last updated after the 2024 Summer Olympics

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  Great Britain 34 28 24 86
2  France 29 21 19 69
3  Italy 25 10 8 43
4  Netherlands 14 17 11 42
5  Australia 13 19 20 52
6  United States 13 15 13 41
7  Germany 12 10 14 36
8  Denmark 6 6 10 22
9  Soviet Union 6 4 6 16
10  East Germany 4 5 4 13
11  West Germany 4 3 3 10
12  New Zealand 3 6 5 14
13  Belgium 3 4 6 13
14  Spain 3 3 3 9
15  Russia 2 4 4 10
16  China 2 3 3 8
17  Canada 2 2 6 10
18  Czechoslovakia 2 2 1 5
19  United Team of Germany 1 3 1 5
20  Switzerland 1 2 1 4
21  Portugal 1 1 0 2
22  Austria 1 0 2 3
23  Argentina 1 0 0 1
 Estonia 1 0 0 1
 Norway 1 0 0 1
26  South Africa 0 3 3 6
27  Greece 0 3 0 3
28  Japan 0 2 3 5
29  Poland 0 2 2 4
 Ukraine 0 2 2 4
31  Malaysia 0 1 1 2
 Mexico 0 1 1 2
33  Cuba 0 1 0 1
 Uruguay 0 1 0 1
35  Hong Kong 0 0 2 2
 ROC (ROC) 0 0 2 2
37  Belarus 0 0 1 1
 Colombia 0 0 1 1
 Jamaica 0 0 1 1
Totals (39 entries) 184 184 183 551

Road cycling

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Men's events

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Women's events

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Medal table

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Sources:[5]
Last updated after the 2024 Summer Olympics

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  Netherlands 10 6 3 19
2  Italy 9 8 4 21
3  France 8 5 7 20
4  Belgium 6 4 8 18
5  United States 6 4 5 15
6  Soviet Union 5 0 3 8
7  Sweden 3 5 8 16
8  Switzerland 3 4 3 10
9  Russia 3 1 4 8
10  Australia 3 1 2 6
11  Great Britain 2 9 6 17
12  Germany 2 6 2 10
13  Denmark 2 5 1 8
14  East Germany 2 1 0 3
 Spain 2 1 0 3
16  Kazakhstan 1 1 0 2
 South Africa 1 1 0 2
18  Slovenia 1 0 1 2
19  Austria 1 0 0 1
 Ecuador 1 0 0 1
 Greece 1 0 0 1
22  Poland 0 4 2 6
23  West Germany 0 2 2 4
24  Canada 0 1 2 3
25  United Team of Germany 0 1 1 2
26  Colombia 0 1 0 1
 Portugal 0 1 0 1
28  Norway 0 0 2 2
29  Czechoslovakia 0 0 1 1
 Latvia 0 0 1 1
 Lithuania 0 0 1 1
Totals (31 entries) 72 72 69 213

Mountain biking

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Events

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Medal table

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Sources:[6]
Last updated after the 2024 Summer Olympics

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  France 5 2 1 8
2  Switzerland 2 5 3 10
3  Italy 2 0 1 3
4  Great Britain 2 0 0 2
5  Germany 1 1 1 3
6  Czech Republic 1 1 0 2
7  Netherlands 1 0 1 2
 Sweden 1 0 1 2
9  Norway 1 0 0 1
10  Canada 0 2 1 3
11  Poland 0 2 0 2
12  Spain 0 1 3 4
13  United States 0 1 2 3
14  Belgium 0 1 0 1
15  Russia 0 0 1 1
 South Africa 0 0 1 1
Totals (16 entries) 16 16 16 48

BMX racing

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Events

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Medal table

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Sources:[7]
Last updated after the 2024 Summer Olympics

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  France 2 2 1 5
2  Colombia 2 1 3 6
3  Latvia 2 0 0 2
4  Netherlands 1 2 2 5
 United States 1 2 2 5
6  Australia 1 1 0 2
 Great Britain 1 1 0 2
8  New Zealand 0 1 0 1
9  Switzerland 0 0 1 1
 Venezuela 0 0 1 1
Totals (10 entries) 10 10 10 30

BMX freestyle

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Events

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Medal table

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Sources:[8]
Last updated after the 2024 Summer Olympics

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  Great Britain 1 1 1 3
2  Australia 1 0 1 2
3  Argentina 1 0 0 1
 China 1 0 0 1
5  United States 0 2 0 2
6  Venezuela 0 1 0 1
7  France 0 0 1 1
 Switzerland 0 0 1 1
Totals (8 entries) 4 4 4 12

Overall medal table

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Sources:[9]
Last updated after the 2024 Summer Olympics

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  France 44 30 29 103
2  Great Britain 40 39 31 110
3  Italy 36 18 13 67
4  Netherlands 26 25 17 68
5  United States 20 24 22 66
6  Australia 18 21 23 62
7  Germany 15 17 17 49
8  Soviet Union 11 4 9 24
9  Belgium 9 9 14 32
10  Denmark 8 11 11 30
11  Switzerland 6 11 9 26
12  East Germany 6 6 4 16
13  Russia 5 5 9 19
14  Spain 5 5 6 16
15  Sweden 4 5 9 18
16  West Germany 4 5 5 14
17  New Zealand 3 7 5 15
18  China 3 3 3 9
19  Canada 2 5 9 16
20  Colombia 2 2 4 8
21  Czechoslovakia 2 2 2 6
22  Austria 2 0 2 4
 Norway 2 0 2 4
24  Latvia 2 0 1 3
25  Argentina 2 0 0 2
26  South Africa 1 4 4 9
27  United Team of Germany 1 4 2 7
28  Greece 1 3 0 4
29  Portugal 1 2 0 3
30  Czech Republic 1 1 0 2
 Kazakhstan 1 1 0 2
32  Slovenia 1 0 1 2
33  Ecuador 1 0 0 1
 Estonia 1 0 0 1
35  Poland 0 8 4 12
36  Japan 0 2 3 5
37  Ukraine 0 2 2 4
38  Malaysia 0 1 1 2
 Mexico 0 1 1 2
 Venezuela 0 1 1 2
41  Cuba 0 1 0 1
 Uruguay 0 1 0 1
43  Hong Kong 0 0 2 2
 ROC 0 0 2 2
45  Belarus 0 0 1 1
 Jamaica 0 0 1 1
 Lithuania 0 0 1 1
Totals (47 entries) 286 286 282 854

Medalists

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The top of the lists for most successful (by gold medals won) and most decorated (by all medals won) are dominated by recently active track cyclists from Great Britain, who rose to prominence from the Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics, and then dominance from the Beijing 2008 Games, winning 22 gold medals in the velodrome between 2008 and 2020, as well as single golds in road racing, road time trial, BMX freestyle, BMX racing and mountain biking in that timeframe. This sharp rise was largely thanks to significant funding by UK Sport of British Cycling. The most successful Olympic cyclists of each sex are husband-and-wife couple Jason and Laura Kenny, with Jason winning seven golds and two silver medals and Laura five golds and one silver medal. Jason also holds the record of most decorated cyclist, with nine medals, and is the only cyclist to have successfully defended Olympic gold medals in three different cycling events. Laura Kenny shares the title of most decorated female cyclist, with six medals, with Dutch legend Leontien van Moorsel (four golds, one silver and one bronze) and Australia sprint star Anna Meares (two gold, one silver and three bronze medals). Laura Kenny holds the unique distinction of winning the inaugural gold medals in three different events - women's team pursuit and women's omnium (both 2012) and women's madison (2020).

Great Britain's Chris Hoy, the first Olympic cyclist to win six gold medals, holds the unique distinction of having won gold across four different track disciplines; the Kilo, the team sprint (twice), match sprint and keirin (twice) disciplines. Three cyclists share the record for gold medals in the same event with three; Jason Kenny in team sprint, compatriot Ed Clancy in team pursuit, and American Kristin Armstrong in time trial. All three achieved the feat between 2008 and 2016.

Cyclists who have won six or more Olympic medals.

As of the 2024 Summer Olympics

Riders in bold still active.

Nations

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Nation 96 00 04 08 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 16 20 24 Years
 Afghanistan 2 2
 Albania 1 1
 Algeria 2 1 1 2 2 2 4
 Andorra 2 3 2
 Antigua and Barbuda 2 3 2 3 1 5
 Argentina 5 6 12 6 8 10 9 8 4 8 7 8 10 8 4 10 4 6 3 2 19
 Individual Neutral Athletes 3 2
 Armenia 1 1
 Aruba 2 1 1 3
 Australia 2 4 2 1 3 6 6 11 9 14 9 10 12 10 12 17 16 21 27 24 28 27 31 29 21 24
 Austria 1 6 2 10 8 4 4 8 5 6 6 9 7 5 9 9 10 6 5 4 8 9 21
 Azerbaijan 1 3 1 2
 Bahamas 2 1
 Bahrain 4 1
 Barbados 4 3 2 1 2 1 1 7
 Belarus 7 6 5 8 4 4 5
 Belgium 1 6 1 15 9 8 8 12 11 7 13 10 15 14 7 12 8 6 7 9 13 9 11 16 14 15 22 26
 Belize 2 6 5 5 1 5
 Benin 2 1
 Bermuda 3 1 2
 Bohemia 1 5 2
 Bolivia 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
 Brazil 3 1 1 2 6 7 8 7 8 4 6 5 9 10 5 6 14
 British West Indies 1 1
 Bulgaria 7 10 5 5 1 4 6 6 1 3 2 2 1 13
 Burkina Faso 1 1 1
 Cambodia 6 6
 Cameroon 4 4 6 5 4
 Canada 5 2 5 1 6 7 6 6 2 3 2 6 9 11 13 11 15 15 15 12 15 15 19 24 22 23
 Cayman Islands 6 6 6 1 4
 Central African Republic 4 1
 Chile 4 3 5 4 4 4 2 2 7 1 5 2 3 5 3 2 3 3 17
 China 7 9 6 5 3 6 12 12 14 7 9 10
 Chinese Taipei 4 5 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 12
 Colombia 8 7 8 10 10 11 7 7 8 12 9 8 13 17 15 10 15 15
 Costa Rica 5 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 8
 Croatia 3 2 2 1 3
 Cuba 1 6 6 6 3 4 1 4 4 3 4 3 1 1 12
 Czech Republic 6 8 13 12 10 12 7 6 7
 Czechoslovakia 4 8 4 4 6 6 6 9 8 15 11 11 13 12 14
 Cyprus 1 1 1 1 1 1 5
 Denmark 8 6 6 5 6 11 11 13 2 8 12 13 13 11 11 13 9 11 12 9 8 15 10 13 17 16 25
 Dominican Republic 1 1
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 5 4 3 3
 East Germany 10 11 11 13 17 5
 Ecuador 4 4 1 2 3 1 2 2 4 2 9
 Egypt 3 4 1 1 3 3
 El Salvador 5 1 1 1 2 1 6
 Eritrea 1 1 3 1 3
 Estonia 3 7 5 6 4 2 2 3 2 8
 Ethiopia 4 5 4 5 5 8 5 1 1 8
 Fiji 1 1
 Finland 5 4 1 2 5 11 1 4 4 6 1 5 5 4 2 5 2 2 1 2 19
 France 2 58 23 12 13 11 8 8 8 11 10 11 14 14 14 15 14 9 17 16 18 20 26 21 28 23 22 28 31 27
 Georgia 1 1
 Germany 5 3 9 11 10 4 12 5 17 18 25 22 20 22 29 28 24 16
 Great Britain 2 1 36 26 13 12 12 7 11 10 12 12 12 12 14 11 11 12 16 17 16 19 22 22 25 25 26 26 30 27
 Greece 9 1 3 1 2 1 3 4 5 4 4 3 3 1 13
 Guam 6 2 1 1 4
 Guatemala 5 4 1 5 6 1 2 1 1 1 9
 Guyana 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 7
 Hong Kong 4 4 4 5 1 2 1 4 5 5 5 2 10
 Hungary 5 4 1 8 6 5 7 7 4 1 10 1 4 1 1 2 5 3 1 3 3 20
 Indonesia 1 1 2
 Iran 4 4 7 7 7 2 4 3 3 3 1 1 11
 Iraq 2 1 2
 India 9 5 5 3
 Independent Olympic Athletes 5 1
 Indonesia 4 2 1 3
 Ireland 2 5 3 4 2 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 7 7 16
 Israel 2 2 2 4 2
 Italy 7 1 4 12 10 12 10 11 12 11 12 14 14 16 15 14 10 21 18 18 21 18 13 15 13 19 24 21 27
 Jamaica 1 6 3 2 5 3 3 1 8
 Japan 4 1 5 15 1 3 5 9 12 12 8 10 11 14 9 9 16 18 17
 Kazakhstan 7 7 8 3 2 3 5 3 6
 Kenya 1 1
 Kosovo 1 1
 Kyrgyzstan 1 1 1 3
 Laos 1 1
 Latvia 4 5 4 5 7 9 2 5 5 4 4 6 11
 Lebanon 1 1 2 1 2 2 6
 Lesotho 1 1
 Libya 7 2 1 1 4
 Liechtenstein 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 6
 Lithuania 2 4 5 13 8 9 8 4 4 5 3 11
 Luxembourg 1 5 4 4 4 4 1 6 2 1 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 16
 Madagascar 1 1
 Malawi 2 4 4 3
 Malaysia 9 2 4 1 1 2 1 1 3 4 2 2 4 11
 Malta 3 4 4 3
 Mauritius 1 1 1 3 3
 Mexico 3 5 4 4 10 9 12 6 6 8 5 5 9 2 2 2 2 4 7 8 19
 Moldova 5 2 1 1 4
 Monaco 1 1
 Mongolia 4 5 4 1 1 4
 Morocco 4 4 3 4 1 2 4
 Namibia 1 1 2 2 3 4 2 6
 Netherlands 5 10 10 11 2 11 9 6 13 12 10 11 12 7 16 13 17 16 18 24 26 24 26 28 21 24
 Nicaragua 4 1 2
 North Korea 3 1
 Norway 6 4 4 2 4 3 1 6 7 8 10 5 9 6 10 8 8 6 7 9 19
 New Zealand 1 1 1 2 6 1 5 5 8 4 7 13 14 17 17 16 16 21 19 19 6 19
 Nigeria 1 1
 Oman 1 1
 Pakistan 2 2 4 2 4 5
 Panama 1 1 1
 Paraguay 1 2
 Peru 4 3 1 5 1 1 1 6
 Philippines 4 3 1 4 3 2 1 7
 Poland 8 11 4 5 8 10 12 11 11 11 9 8 10 16 11 12 17 17 13 18
 Portugal 4 6 4 4 2 4 6 4 7 8
 Puerto Rico 1 1 1 1 4
 Refugee Olympic Team 2 2
 Republic of China 1 1 2
 Romania 5 6 5 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 10
 Russia 18 19 20 22 17 16 6
 Republic of China 18 2
 Russian Empire 10 1
 Rwanda 3 1 2 1 3 3
 Samoa 1 1
 San Marino 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 7
 Saudi Arabia 6 3 2
 Serbia 2 2 2 2 3
 Serbia and Montenegro 1 1
 Sierra Leone 1 1
 Slovakia 10 7 9 4 2 2 2 2 6
 Slovenia 1 1 6 4 6 6 7 6 7 7
 South Africa 4 1 5 1 1 2 3 5 6 5 5 6 4 4 8 9 7 11 7 17
 South Korea 2 3 2 4 6 2 10 15 4 9 3 5 4 10 8 2 2 15
 Soviet Union 10 12 13 12 15 15 12 13 18 9
 Spain 1 9 6 7 8 4 4 13 14 18 22 22 18 16 12 12 9 15
 Sri Lanka 1 1
 Suriname 1 1 1 1 2
 Sweden 2 12 4 4 4 4 5 4 8 4 4 4 6 5 6 6 11 8 9 7 5 9 8 5 4 1 3 25
 Switzerland 9 9 11 11 10 14 5 4 10 6 10 12 9 13 13 16 16 14 11 15 20 18 21
 Syria 1 1
 Chinese Taipei 1 2
 Thailand 8 7 7 6 1 1 2 1 4 8
 Timor-Leste 1 1
 Togo 3 2 2
 Trinidad and Tobago 1 1 3 7 6 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 12
 Tunisia 4 1 1 3
 Turkey 4 4 4 6 1 1 3 2 2 1 8
 Uganda 2 1 1
 Ukraine 12 14 16 16 10 7 5 4 6
 Unified Team 19 1
 United Team of Germany 10 14 13 3
 United Arab Emirates 6 4 1 1 1 4
 United States 1 17 2 9 9 5 4 12 6 9 9 10 14 16 15 15 13 20 19 20 23 26 18 24 24 21 27 23 30
 Uruguay 9 7 5 5 8 5 5 5 1 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 16
 Uzbekistan 1 1 1 2 2 3 4
 Venezuela 1 4 4 5 6 5 2 4 4 6 5 3 4 12 9 2 1 15
 Vietnam 4 6 6 2 1 1 5
 Virgin Islands 1 1 2
 West Germany 14 17 12 20 15 5
 Yugoslavia 4 4 4 4 1 5 4 5 2 4 6 6 12
 Zimbabwe 3 2 1 1 4
No. of nations 5 7 2 11 16 14 24 27 13 30 33 36 30 48 40 52 54 49 34 54 62 76 68 55 61 66 74 80 77 76
No. of cyclists 19 72 18 97 123 103 139 149 66 175 188 215 161 297 303 329 359 295 230 359 422 451 477 462 464 508 501 523 528 514
Year 96 00 04 08 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 16 20 24

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ McQuaid, Pat (February 2012). "The equal opportunities: How to make it happen". UCI. Archived from the original on 2014-01-08. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
  2. ↑ Pretti, Rachel; Perthuis, Nicolas (21 June 2025). "La Planche des Belles Filles rêve du cyclo-cross aux JO 2030 dans les Alpes françaises". L'Équipe (in French).
  3. ↑ Frattini, Kirsten (12 November 2025). "Snow and ice sports organisers say adding cyclocross to Olympic Winter Games would 'dilute brand, heritage and identity'". Cyclingnews. Retrieved 21 January 2026.
  4. ↑ "Olympedia – Cycling Track medal table". Olympedia.
  5. ↑ "Olympedia – Cycling Road medal table". Olympedia.
  6. ↑ "Olympedia – Cycling Mountain Bike medal table". Olympedia.
  7. ↑ "Olympedia – Cycling BMX Racing medal table". Olympedia.
  8. ↑ "Olympedia – Cycling BMX Freestyle medal table". Olympedia.
  9. ↑ "Olympedia – Cycling overall medal table". Olympedia.
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