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Energy in Angola describes energy and electricity production, consumption and export from Angola. The energy policy of Angola reflects energy policy and the politics of Angola.
Biomass accounts for 58% of the country's energy consumption; oil accounts for 35%, gas 4% and hydroelectric power 3%.
Primary energy use in 2009 in Angola was 138 TWh and 7 TWh per million persons.[1]
Angolans used to suffer frequent daily blackouts. In 2012, days before the election, the government announced $17B US in planned energy investment, designed to alleviate the paucity of available energy.[2]
The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) reports that Angola's renewable energy usage increased from 50% of the total energy supply in 2015 to 63% in 2020. Within this sector, bioenergy represents 85% of Angola's renewable energy supply as of 2020. This shift in Angola's energy strategy indicates a move towards sustainable resources, reducing the country's previous dependence on conventional fuels like oil and gas.[3]
Overview
edit| Energy in Angola[4][5] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capita | Prim. energy | Production | Net export | Electricity | CO2-emission | |
| Million | TWh | TWh | TWh | TWh | Mt | |
| 2004 | 15.49 | 110 | 667 | 547 | 1.92 | 17.69 |
| 2007 | 17.02 | 124 | 1,104 | 979 | 3.24 | 10.66 |
| 2008 | 18.02 | 128 | 1,231 | 1,090 | 3.41 | 19.12 |
| 2009 | 18.50 | 138 | 1,174 | 1,033 | 3.75 | 12.92 |
| 2012 | 19.62 | 139 | 1,013 | 864 | 5.01 | 24.72 |
| 2015 | 28.12 | 152 | 1,037 | 873 | 9.30 | 33.09 |
| 2020 | 33.43 | 160 | 745 | 573 | 14.90 | 20.54 |
| 2022 | 35.59 | 164 | 677 | 501 | 16.10 | 26.68 |
| 2024 | 37.90 | 163 | 669 | 494 | 16.70 | 28.10 |
| Change 2004-2024 | +144.7% | +48.0% | +0.3% | -9.7% | +769.8% | +58.8% |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses. Net Export calculated as Production minus Primary Energy. | ||||||
Angolan population has been increased by 144.7 percent over the twenty-year period between 2004 and 2024.[6]
Overview of energy and macroeconomics
editAngola's economic performance remains highly linked to its hydrocarbon sector, exposing it to cyclical global markets. Macroeconomic growth reached 5.0% in 2024 but moderated to 3.1% in 2025 due to scheduled inspections, maintenance shutdowns, and softer international oil prices. However, the non-oil domestic sector has shown resilience, expanding by 4.1% in 2025. Inflationary pressures have also eased significantly, dropping from a peak of 27.5% in late 2024 to 15.7% by December 2025, and further declining to 12.42% in early 2026. The government has prioritized fiscal consolidation, successfully reducing public debt from 59.9% of GDP in 2024 to 51.3% in 2025, while phasing out expensive fuel subsidies.[7]
Electricity and hydroelectricity
editElectricity generation and transmission are managed by state utilities, including the primary public entities. Hydropower is the cornerstone of Angola's domestic grid electricity, supplying the vast majority of its generated power (Gerbens-Leenes et al., 2024). To counter historical grid constraints and vulnerabilities associated with variable renewable energy, the Angolan government has executed a $23.5 billion utility investment strategy, allocating $12 billion toward modern generation facilities, $4 billion for grid transmission infrastructure, and $7.5 billion for regional distribution systems.[8]
Crude oil
editAngola is one of the top two crude oil producers in sub-Saharan Africa, competing directly with Nigeria for the continent's top spot. Together, the two nations contribute nearly 50% of Africa's total oil output. Globally, Angola ranks among the top 20 producers, sustaining an output of approximately 1.1 million barrels of oil per day.[9]
Offshore production and infrastructure
editThe majority of Angola's oil production is extracted from technically complex, energy-intensive offshore deep-water and ultra-deep-water fields. These deep-water projects generally utilize newer infrastructure, such as tethered floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels that aggregate production from multiple distinct fields. Conversely, older shallow-water platforms located closer to the coast utilize aging infrastructure. Airborne scientific monitoring has shown that these older, shallow-water facilities produce higher intermittent methane (CH4) emissions due to maintenance profiles and operational variances compared to the newer deep-water FPSO facilities.[9]
Lobito refinery
editDevelopment has been planned but much delayed, of a new 200,000-barrel-per-day (32,000 m3/d) refinery in the city of Lobito, on the coast. The Angolan state-owned oil company Sonangol would have a 70 percent stake in the Sonaref refinery at Lobito, its then-head Carlos Saturnino said in 2006, and the Chinese oil company Sinopec would retain the remainder.[10]
Oil in the Angolan economy
editAngola's economy was profoundly affected by the sharp drop in oil prices in 2014 and in 2020. This is even though new skyscrapers, appeared in Luanda; offices, shopping centres and apartment buildings proliferated in a "mini-golden age" as leading economist Alves da Rocha called it, from 2003-2008. Yet "probably three quarters" of the population of Luanda live in "tumbledown slums".[11] Two thirds of the 16.5 million people in Angola live on less than $2 a day, according to the World Bank,[12] and the oil industry employs less than one percent of the workforce.[11]
Foreigners, including Chinese construction companies and several hundred thousand Chinese workers, and as many or more Portuguese and Brazilian trade and finance consultants and managers. Oil companies set up shop in Angola.[13]
Oil spills
editAngola fined Chevron Texaco $2m for causing environmental damage in 2002[14] to fisheries caused by obsolete tubes at the Cabinda oilfield. Chevron promised to spend $108 m replacing the pipes. The company pumps almost three-quarters of Angola's oil, and also reduced crude production about 12%, after a pipeline leak.[15]
Natural gas
editAngola LNG made its first shipment in June 2013. A system failure brought a design flaw to light in 2014, and production resumed only in 2015.[16] In order to maintain the supply of gas to the facility, oil majors in Angola have formed a New Gas Consortium that took a final investment decision (FID) in 2022 on developing the Quiluma and Maboqueiro non-associated gas fields.[17]
See also
edit
References
edit- ↑ IEA Key energy statistics 2011 Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48
- ↑ "By hook or by crook". The Economist. 2012-09-01.
- ↑ "Energy Profile Angola" (PDF). International Renewable Energy Agency. 2023-08-08.
- ↑ IEA Key World Energy Statistics, Angola Country Balances Matrix (2004–2024). International Energy Agency, October 2025.
- ↑ "Angola and the IMF". IMF. Retrieved 2026-05-28.
- ↑ "World Bank Open Data". World Bank Open Data. Retrieved 2026-05-28.
- ↑ "IMF Executive Board Concludes 2026 Article IV Consultation with Angola". IMF. Retrieved 2026-05-28.
- ↑ "Angola Energy 2025 Long-Term Strategy: Executive Policy Summary and Infrastructure Investment Plan", Ministry of Energy and Water (Angola) (MINEA), Power Sector Expansion Framework. Retrieved 2026-05-28.
- 1 2
Alina, Fiehn; Maximilian, Eckl; Magdalena, Pühl; Tiziana, Bräuer; Klaus-Dirk, Gottschaldt; Heinfried, Aufmhoff; Lisa, Eirenschmalz; Gregor, Neumann; Felicitas, Sakellariou; Daniel, Sauer; Robert, Baumann; De Aguiar Ventura, Guilherme; Nayole, Cadete, Winne; Luciano, Zua, Dário; Manuel, Xavier (2025-02-21). "Airborne quantification of Angolan offshore oil and gas methane emissions". EGUsphere. doi:10.5194/egu (inactive 29 May 2026).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2026 (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ "Angola's Sonangol to have 70 percent stake in Lobito refinery". Macauhub. March 22, 2006.
- 1 2 Tom Burgis; David White (July 17, 2012). "Nation dominated by a rich elite: A petro-economy offers opportunities only for the few". Financial Times.
- ↑ Carolina Barros (August 25, 2010). "Angola to start building new refinery this year". Reuters.
- ↑ "Angola from boom to bust – to breaking point". CMI. Chr. Michelsen Institute for Science and Intellectual Freedom. April 8, 2016.
- ↑ "Business | Angola fines Chevron for pollution". BBC News. 2002-07-01. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
- ↑ "Angola fines Chevron for pollution". BBC. July 1, 2002.
- ↑ "Angola Fact Sheet". Chevron Corporation. May 2015. Archived from the original on 2017-07-10. Retrieved 2016-11-20.
- ↑ "Eni announces the completion of negotiations to start up New Gas Consortium in Angola". www.eni.com. Retrieved 2022-08-24.